best bid and best quotes from quotes dataset
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Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) Partakes In China Investment Conference 2016
His Excellency Rashed Al Blooshi, CEO of Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX), stated that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) enjoys a strong relationship with China and mentioned that the value of trade between the two countries has reached 257 billion dirhams last year. He further confirmed that the two sides are keen on reinforcing their mutual cooperation in economy and investment over the coming periods.
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Source Overweights European Equities Despite Negative Sentiment
The Research team at Source favours European equities over those of the US and holds a maximum overweight to the Eurozone in the Source Multi-Asset Portfolio (a model portfolio).
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Bats Europe Encourages Industry Harmonisation For MiFID II Requirement For Order Record Keeping - MiFID II Compliant Record Keeping Process And Algorithm Testing Enhancements Now Available For Participant Testing On Bats Europe
Bats Europe (Bats), the region’s largest stock exchange operator, has made available for testing on its platform its MiFID II compliant process for order record keeping, which the exchange is proposing as the industry approach to encourage harmonisation. Bats is also making available a range of enhancements to facilitate further user testing of their algorithms.
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Extension Of Authorisation Of The Clearing House KDPW_CCP
The Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) has extended the authorisation of the clearing house KDPW_CCP to cover new classes of instruments and categories of acceptable collateral as of 9 August 2016. KNF’s decision allows KDPW_CCP to offer new services: the clearing of EUR-denominated instruments in organised trading (exchange market and ATS) and in OTC trade (interbank market), as well as the clearing of PLN-denominated OTC debt instruments. The extended authorisation of the clearing house allows it to accept collateral in EUR, including both cash and bonds.
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Thai Alternative Bourse's Listed Firms Reports Upbeat Q2 Earnings
Thai companies listed on Market for Alternative Investment (mai), under the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) group, reported the combined net profit of THB 2.33 billion (approx. USD 66.63 million) in the second quarter of 2016, growing THB 472 million, or 25.35 percent from Q2/2015, while their sales increased slightly 1.65 percent y-o-y to THB 33.41 billion (approx. USD 954.51 million). Financials, Services, Consumer Products and Resources industry groups recorded positive sales growth and net profit growth.
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DIFC Establishes Wealth Management Working Group
The Governor of the DIFC, HE Essa Kazim, has established a DIFC Wealth Management Working Group to discuss and compile an updated wealth management strategy for the DIFC. Its key focus areas will be to consider the enhancement of DIFC as a wealth management provider and succession planning platform for GCC families, as well as deepening the DIFC’s core offering to the international wealth management community.
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How Rigged Are Stock Markets?: Evidence From Microsecond Timestamps -- by Robert P. Bartlett, III, Justin McCrary
We use new timestamp data from the two Securities Information Processors (SIPs) to examine SIP reporting latencies for quote and trade reports. Reporting latencies average 1.13 milliseconds for quotes and 22.84 milliseconds for trades. Despite these latencies, liquidity-taking orders gain on average $0.0002 per share when priced at the SIP-reported national best bid or offer (NBBO) rather than the NBBO calculated using exchanges' direct data feeds. Trading surrounding SIP-priced trades shows little evidence that fast traders initiate these liquidity-taking orders to pick-off stale quotes. These findings contradict claims that fast traders systematically exploit traders who transact at the SIP NBBO.
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Technology and Production Fragmentation: Domestic versus Foreign Sourcing -- by Teresa C. Fort
This paper provides direct empirical evidence on the relationship between technology and firms' global sourcing strategies. Using new data on U.S. firms' decisions to contract for manufacturing services from domestic or foreign suppliers, I show that changes in firm use of communication technology between 2002 to 2007 can explain almost one quarter of the increase in fragmentation over the period. The effect of firm technology also differs significantly across industries; in 2007, it is 20 percent higher, relative to the mean, in industries with production specifications that are easier to codify in an electronic format. These patterns suggest that technology lowers coordination costs, though its effect is disproportionately higher for domestic rather than foreign sourcing. The larger impact on domestic fragmentation highlights its importance as an alternative to offshoring, and can be explained by complementarities between technology and worker skill. High technology firms and industries are more likely to source from high human capital countries, and the differential impact of technology across industries is strongly increasing in country human capital.
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Born with a Silver Spoon? Danish Evidence on Wealth Inequality in Childhood -- by Simon Halphen Boserup, Wojciech Kopczuk, Claus Thustrup Kreiner
We study wealth inequality in childhood using Danish wealth records from three decades. While teenagers have some earnings, we estimate that transfers account for at least 50 percent of wealth at age 18, and much more so for the rich children. Inheritance from grandparents does not appear quantitatively important, but we do find evidence that children receive inter vivos transfers. While wealth holdings are small in childhood, they have strong predictive power for future wealth in adulthood. Asset holdings at age 18 are more informative than parental wealth in predicting wealth of children many years later when they are in their 40s. Hence, childhood wealth reveals significant heterogeneity in the intergenerational transmission of wealth, which is not simply captured by parental wealth alone. We investigate why this is the case and rule out that childhood wealth in itself can accumulate enough to explain later wealth inequality. Our evidence indicates that childhood wealth is a proxy for a broad set of circumstances related to intergenerational transmission and future wealth accumulation, including savings/investment behavior and additional transfers.
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Does Organizational Form Drive Competition? Evidence from Coffee Retailing -- by Brian Adams, Joshua Gans, Richard Hayes, Ryan Lampe
This article examines patterns of entry and exit in a relatively homogeneous product market to investigate the impact of entry on incumbent firms and market structure. In particular, we are interested in whether the organizational form of entrants matters for the competitive decisions of incumbents. We assess the impact of chain stores on independent retailers in the Melbourne coffee market using annual data on the location and entry status of 4,768 coffee retailers between 1991 and 2010. The long panel enables us to include market fixed effects to address the endogeneity of store locations. Logit regressions indicate that chain stores have no discernible effect on the exit or entry decisions of independent stores. However, each additional chain store increases the probability of another chain store exiting by 2.5 percentage points, and each additional independent cafe increases the probability of another independent cafe exiting by 0.5 percent. These findings imply that neighboring independents and chains operate almost as though they are in separate markets. We offer additional analysis suggesting consumer information as a cause of this differentiation.
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Measuring Institutional Investors' Skill from Their Investments in Private Equity -- by Daniel R. Cavagnaro, Berk A. Sensoy, Yingdi Wang, Michael S. Weisbach
Using a large sample of institutional investors' private equity investments in venture and buyout funds, we estimate the extent to which investors' skill affects returns from private equity investments. We first consider whether investors have differential skill by comparing the distribution of investors' returns relative to the bootstrapped distribution that would occur if funds were randomly distributed across investors. We find that the variance of actual performance is higher than the bootstrapped distribution, suggesting that higher and lower skilled investors consistently outperform and underperform. We then use a Bayesian approach developed by Korteweg and Sorensen (2015) to estimate the incremental effect of skill on performance. The results imply that a one standard deviation increase in skill leads to about a three percentage point increase in returns, suggesting that variation in institutional investors' skill is an important driver of their returns.
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Heterogeneous Frictional Costs Across Industries in Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions -- by Bruce A. Blonigen, Donghyun Lee
While there has been significant research to explore the determinants (and frictions) of foreign direct investment (FDI), past literature primarily focuses on country-wide FDI patterns with little examination of sectoral heterogeneity in FDI. Anecdotally, there is substantial sectoral heterogeneity in FDI patterns. For example, a substantial share of FDI (around 40-50%) is in the manufacturing sector, yet manufacturing accounts for a relatively small share of production activity in the developed economies responsible for most cross-border M&A. In this paper, we extend the Head and Ries (2008) model of cross-border M&A to account for sectoral heterogeneity and estimate the varying effects of FDI frictions across sectors using cross-border M&A data spanning 1985 through 2013. We find that non-manufacturing sectors generally have greater sensitivity to cross-border M&A frictions than is true for manufacturing, including such frictions as physical distance, cultural distance, and common language. Tradeability is positively associated with greater cross-border M&A, and is an additional friction for the many non-manufacturing sectors because they consist of mainly non-tradeable goods.
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Attention Variation and Welfare: Theory and Evidence from a Tax Salience Experiment -- by Dmitry Taubinsky, Alex Rees-Jones
This paper shows that accounting for variation in mistakes can be crucial for welfare analysis. Focusing on consumer underreaction to not-fully-salient sales taxes, we show theoretically that the efficiency costs of taxation are amplified by 1) individual differences in underreaction and 2) the degree to which attention is increasing with the size of the tax rate. To empirically assess the importance of these issues, we implement an online shopping experiment in which 2,998 consumers--matching the U.S. adult population on key demographics--purchase common household products, facing tax rates that vary in size and salience. We find that: 1) there are significant individual differences in underreaction to taxes. Accounting for this heterogeneity increases the efficiency cost of taxation estimates by at least 200%, as compared to estimates generated from a representative agent model. 2) Tripling existing sales tax rates roughly doubles consumers' attention to taxes. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms and determinants of boundedly rational processing of not-fully-salient incentives, and our general approach provides a framework for robust behavioral welfare analysis.
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Geographic Diversification and Banks' Funding Costs -- by Ross Levine, Chen Lin, Wensi Xie
We assess the impact of the geographic expansion of bank assets on the cost of banks' interest-bearing liabilities. Existing research suggests that expansion can both intensify agency problems that increase funding costs and facilitate risk diversification that decreases funding costs. Using a newly developed identification strategy, we discover that the geographic expansion of banks across U.S. states lowered their funding costs, especially when banks are headquartered in states with lower macroeconomic covariance with the overall U.S. economy. The results are consistent with the view that geographic expansion offers large risk diversification opportunities that reduce funding costs.
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Human Capital Investments and Expectations about Career and Family -- by Matthew Wiswall, Basit Zafar
This paper studies how individuals "believe" human capital investments will affect their future career and family life. We conducted a survey of high-ability currently enrolled college students and elicited beliefs about how their choice of college major, and whether to complete their degree at all, would affect a wide array of future events, including future earnings, employment, marriage prospects, potential spousal characteristics, and fertility. We find that students perceive large "returns" to human capital not only in their own future earnings, but also in a number of other dimensions (such as future labor supply and potential spouse's earnings). In a recent follow-up survey conducted six years after the initial data collection, we find a close connection between the expectations and current realizations. Finally, we show that both the career and family expectations help explain human capital choices.
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Are Publicly Insured Children Less Likely to be Admitted to Hospital than the Privately Insured (and Does it Matter)? -- by Diane Alexander, Janet Currie
There is continuing controversy about the extent to which publicly insured children are treated differently than privately insured children, and whether differences in treatment matter. We show that on average, hospitals are less likely to admit publicly insured children than privately insured children who present at the ER and the gap grows during high flu weeks, when hospital beds are in high demand. This pattern is present even after controlling for detailed diagnostic categories and hospital fixed effects, but does not appear to have any effect on measurable health outcomes such as repeat ER visits and future hospitalizations. Hence, our results raise the possibility that instead of too few publicly insured children being admitted during high flu weeks, there are too many publicly and privately insured children being admitted most of the time.
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Long-Term Orientation and Educational Performance -- by David Figlio, Paola Giuliano, Umut Ozek, Paola Sapienza
We use remarkable population-level administrative education and birth records from Florida to study the role of Long-Term Orientation on the educational attainment of immigrant students living in the US. Controlling for the quality of schools and individual characteristics, students from countries with long term oriented attitudes perform better than students from cultures that do not emphasize the importance of delayed gratification. These students perform better in third grade reading and math tests, have larger test score gains over time, have fewer absences and disciplinary incidents, are less likely to repeat grades, and are more likely to graduate from high school in four years. Also, they are more likely to enroll in advanced high school courses, especially in scientific subjects. Parents from long term oriented cultures are more likely to secure better educational opportunities for their children. A larger fraction of immigrants speaking the same language in the school amplifies the effect of Long-Term Orientation on educational performance. We validate these results using a sample of immigrant students living in 37 different countries.
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Employment Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansions -- by Pauline Leung, Alexandre Mas
We examine whether the recent expansions in Medicaid from the Affordable Care Act reduced "employment lock" among childless adults who were previously ineligible for public coverage. We compare employment in states that chose to expand Medicaid versus those that chose not to expand, before and after implementation. We find that although the expansion increased Medicaid coverage by 3.0 percentage points among childless adults, there was no significant impact on employment.
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Estimating Currency Misalignment Using the Penn Effect: It's Not as Simple As It Looks -- by Yin-Wong Cheung, Menzie Chinn, Xin Nong
We investigate the strength of the Penn effect in the most recent version of the Penn World Tables (PWTs). We find that the earlier findings of a Penn effect are confirmed, but that there is some evidence for nonlinearity. Developed and developing countries display different types of nonlinear behaviors. The nonlinear behaviors are likely attributable to differences across countries and do not change when additional control variables are added. We confirm earlier findings of large RMB misalignment in the mid-2000's, but find that by 2011, the RMB seems near equilibrium. While the Penn effect is quite robust across datasets, estimated misalignment can noticeably change from a linear to a nonlinear specification, and from dataset to dataset.
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